Abstract
Social networking is a low-cost way to communicate with millions of individuals. Because of this, anyone may produce anything on these platforms, and everyone can acquire it, which is a revolutionary revolution in our society. Social media platforms have great potential, but they can allow harmful discourses. This problem includes bullying, insulting content, and hate speech. Many countries quickly understand that hate speech is an issue. It's tough to erect barriers on the internet to prevent the spread of hate between countries or among ethnicities. This is the first systematic, large-scale research of hate speech in online social media. Our goal is to study the prevalence of hate speech in online social media, the most common manifestations of hate, the impact of anonymity on hate speech, and the most loathed groups in various geographic areas. This survey describes the area's state. It presents a methodical examination of past attempts, encompassing fundamental algorithms, methodol